Yuban coffee free essay sample

I. Presentation/Executive Summary and Product Description Yuban espresso is a brand of espresso you can discover in your nearby market that you most likely didn't know existed. It was established by John Arbuckle, a well known espresso roaster, who has developed the first Yuban espresso in 1986. Yuban espresso just uses the best Arabica beans. Furthermore, Yuban is certificated by the Rainforest Alliance, which proclaims that at any rate 30% of Yuban espresso is natural. Synthetic composts and pesticides are not utilized on the naturally developed beans and the rainforest union likewise attempts to continue horticulture, ranger service and the travel industry in the areas of the woods that the espresso beans are developed. All the more as of late, Yuban espresso has been gradually developed, whenever developed by any means, and has not been arriving at its maximum capacity. The fundamental issue of Yuban is the absence of brand mindfulness and a fruitless promoting system. At the point when the showcasing methodology changes to take care of these issues, it will make the Yuban brand increasingly serious and effective in the espresso advertise. We will compose a custom article test on Yuban espresso or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Our advertising plan will be examined in detail in the pages to come, however our general goal is to manufacture brand mindfulness by characterizing and showcasing towards a progressively explicit objective market. Likewise, with the execution in of our suggestions, Yuban espresso will have the option to arrive at this goal. At last our promoting plan will comprise of the accompanying: 1. Increment Yuban’s brand picture by: a. expanding brand mindfulness from business-to clients/Business-to-Business advertises by entering the on the web and online life divisions b. creation and usage of the candy machine/espresso preparing machine c. utilizing late acquisitions to push the Yuban name d. overhauling item bundling to reflect naturally cognizant brand II. Target Customer Analysis People in the United State love espresso, much the same as how individuals in China love tea. Examination recommends that half of the number of inhabitants in United States drinks espresso and those espresso consumers in the United State drinking multiple cups of espresso every day! Beside the United States there are such a significant number of others on the planet who love espresso (E-imports, 2012). This causes espresso to turn into the subsequent significant exchanging item after oil. For the individuals who love espresso, the majority of them have a most loved brand, even a particular taste. So for Yuban, they have a major market and incredible chance to create. Yuban espresso is confirmed by the Rainforest Alliance Certification, which implies Yuban espresso is more beneficial and condition benevolent. â€Å"Made from 100% premium Arabica beans, YUBAN mountain-developed espressos inflexible, strong flavor and enchanting aroma† (Kraft. com). Likewise, in view of this explanation, Yuban espresso is more costly than some other moment espresso, particularly its sans caffeine natural espresso. Along these lines, the objective client of Yuban espresso ought to be those individuals who are naturally and wellbeing cognizant, and ready to pay more cash on espresso. In figure 2. 1 of the Appendix, the two graphs show the distinction buying power on various ages. We can find in the primary outline that individuals in age 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54 have the most grounded buying power. What's more, individuals now in those ages fall into 3 ages various ages, the Baby boomer (1946-1965), Generation X (1966-1976) and the Millennial Generation (1977-1992). We feel the more seasoned age being the people born after WW2 may not think a lot about being wellbeing cognizant, however in the event that we had the opportunity and cash we would need to investigate this to see whether they are a piece of our objective market. The more youthful age, being the millennial age is anybody as of now age 21-34. At that point you at long last have the last age, which is Generation X, who incorporates anybody as of now 37-47 years of age. In this way, out of these 3 ages it will be to our greatest advantage to go with the millennial age. They have great financial condition, and they have great training foundation. It implies they can manage the cost of more significant expense of espresso, and the Millennial age will be the most earth cognizant, which we will talk about in another piece of the paper. III. Contender Analysis Yuban contends in the top notch espresso bean and ground espresso advertise. While there are various espresso brands contending in the North American commercial center, the majority of these contend on a cost initiative system. Just a couple of contenders, for example, Green Mountain Coffee, J. M. Smucker’s Folgers are brands which have little premium merchants, for example, Fair Winds Coffee and Organic Coffee Co. , and all contend in the top notch espresso classification inside the naturally agreeable and reasonable exchange class (Agas, 2006; Statistics, 2013). These brands explicitly separate on quality as opposed to cost. Piece of the overall industry of Main Competitors: The espresso bean and crush industry is profoundly cracked as far as piece of the overall industry. While Yuban just has nearly 1. 93% of the commercial center, organizations, for example, Folgers and Maxwell House have 21. 6% and 14. 62% separately yet with down market items (Statistics, 2013). Subsequently, it is very certain that there is broad space for additional development of the Yuban brand. Market Structure: The espresso business is a very serious one. In any case, the market structure of the espresso business and explicitly the espresso bean industry that gives the crude materials to Yuban could be portrayed as an oligopoly. The particular attributes of this oligopoly are, in any case, increasingly suggestive of a cartel in light of the fact that a generally modest number of providers control the gracefully and dissemination of espresso beans all inclusive (Igami, 2011). Therefore, Yuban, which is a brand inside the Kraft Foods umbrella, has constrained decision in choosing its provisions. The espresso bean industry was controlled authoritatively through a cartel structure until 1989 under the International Coffee Agreement or ICA however from there on advertise rivalry with new participants, for example, Vietnam disintegrated the control of this official cartel association (Igami, 2011). However, in light of the fact that espresso bean creation is generally restricted to certain geographic locales, these countries’ governments express a lot of power over which elements control creation and dissemination. Serious Barriers: There are various noteworthy serious obstructions inside the espresso bean and espresso pound industry. While for all intents and purposes any firm can buy the crude materials or even the completed item as ground espresso, the bundling and dispersion of the item is a substantially more modern undertaking. The most critical serious hindrance is the foundation of a retail dispersion channel which requires arranged rack space in retail outlets, circulation channels including warehousing and transportation administrations and item bundling and plan offices (Amato, 2009). These elements require both material assets just as administrative capabilities that must be built up preceding really going into the business. Wellsprings of Competitive Advantage: Yuban’s espresso retail espresso industry has a few wellsprings of upper hand. The essential wellspring of upper hand for Yuban is its parent corporation’s size, scale and incomes. Kraft as a company that earned more than $18. 3 million during 2012 and its espresso items which incorporate Yuban contributed an expected 8% of these incomes to Kraft’s profit for that period (Annual, 2012). Thus, Yuban approaches Kraft’s impressive monetary assets just as its created skills in the selling and advertising capabilities of significant food item marks. IV. Outer condition examination Economic condition: The principle developing markets in espresso utilization particularly in Asia and South America showcase under the foundation of rising, worldwide interest for espresso during financial year 2011 to 2012 rose 2%. During the financial year 2012 to 2013, worldwide espresso creation balanced out at around 146 million parcels (60 kg for every pack). Espresso is one of the most generally devoured refreshments worldwide and in the United States. There are 183 million espresso consumers in US and a 7% expansion more than 2011 in espresso utilization. Innovative condition: Modern innovation can improve the creation procedure and accomplish economies of scale. At last modern innovation can help espresso creation in numerous elements, the item brand, and the espresso beans. Ultimetly, the way toward delivering great quality espresso beans is generally the equivalent with certain mysteries of the drying procedure that vary. In our proposals, we recommend the presentation of espresso candy machines, which will be a territory that Yuban will separate itself from the remainder of the espresso advertise. Political and lawful condition: Low creation of espresso beans, causing insecure atmosphere could prompt a protectionist makers. So higher import costs to balance the harm brought about by the low creation. Yuban espresso is as of now rainforest ensured, and accordingly the world of politics is in support of its and will just motivation it to develop more to turn into an increasingly dynamic pioneer in this political and lawful territory. Social and social condition: More than half of Americans drink espresso consistently. This speaks to in excess of 150 million day by day consumers. 30 million U. S. grown-ups have proficient espresso drinks every day, which incorporates beverages, for example, mocha lattes, espresso, mocha espressos, and so forth 65% of espresso utilization in the morning meal time, between suppers, with the rest of the 5% and different nourishments. Simultaneously, 35% of espresso consumers incline toward dark espresso. V. Organization Analysis Yuban is a cheap brand of South American espresso. Looking at a similar sort of espresso, Yuban gives lower value espresso than other brand in the market. Despite the fact that Yuban espresso offers a lower pri

Nutrition Behavior Change Project Essay

Keeping up a conduct can be hard, â€Å"the inspiration must originate from within.† For as far back as 23 days I have been endeavoring to change and succeed, by the 22nd of October, in two explicit dietary conduct objectives. One of them was to allow in any event 30 grams of fiber on weekdays and at any rate 25 grams on ends of the week. The other was to diminish my sodium consumption by a quarter, on weekdays, of what it was every day and decrease it by an eighth on ends of the week. This planning all began about seven days before my 23 days of change. In the three starting days I followed my eating regimen and found that my low fiber and high sodium utilizations were educational issues. My normal fiber admission every day rested at 21.18g, which was altogether lower than my objective of 38g every day. As this issue emerged so did my mindfulness that numerous parts of my wellbeing were in danger. For instance, my low fiber admission could put me at risk for creating coronary illness. Fiber supplements diminish the opportunity of ailment like coronary illness, diabetes, and numerous other shocking sicknesses. Also, nourishments that comprise of fiber give a sentiment of totality without extra calories being added to an eating routine. With respect to my Sodium admission, I was suggested an objective of 1500mg every day except I was really eating up a soaring 3959.4mg per day. Without reconsidering I realized I needed to make critical conduct changes. Concerning my transcending sodium admission, I found that high sodium utilization makes the body safeguard more water, which can raise the blood volume and, thus, increment pulse. Considering my hypertension it would be basic and pivotal to bring down my sodium consumption. Luckily, the information gathered showed that the measure of sodium I have been taking in every day has been assuming a job in my raised pulse. Subsequent to looking into this information and leading exploration on these two supplements I felt inte nse about changing my eating less junk food practices. In which case, comparative with the Stages of Change/Transtheoretical Model of conduct change, toward the beginning of this undertaking I was unquestionably in the arrangement stage. I started with a decided disposition that would assist me with changing my present practices inside a month. To change my conduct I madeâ goals to reach by the 22nd and utilized methodologies that would assist me with completing my SMART objectives. For instance, I ensured that I controlled my condition by purchasing products of the soil sound snacks rather than unfortunate nibble nourishments. I additionally had peer support from my flat mate who reminded me when I was nibbling horribly to rather nibble on a banana or apple. My brilliant planning aptitudes conceded me accomplishment in my dietary conduct objectives. Generally speaking I feel sure that I have prevailing with regards to changing my practices. Regular I have been aware of my fiber and sodium objectives. Once in a while did I go eat off grounds. I reliably had lunch at the Hanwell dinning corridor, with the exception of 1 day when I was debilitated and in bed, and I generally had supper at Smith dinning lobby. Hanwell and Smith give an incredible choice of foods grown from the ground greens, so regular I could eat my basic bowl of natural product for lunch and required supper plate of mixed greens. I didn’t eat a plate of mixed greens or a bowl of organic product on exclusively one day, in any case, I felt sick that day. Likewise, since I just had Gatorade, squeeze and water with my dinners, my sodium level diminished considerably. My average day comprised of eating microwavable morning meals with juice in the dormitory, lunch at Hanwell and supper at Smith. My accomplishment in changing my supporting practices was because of staying aware of my following sheet. Thus, I expanded my fiber admission to 34.34g on weekdays and 26.61g on ends of the week. This information surpassed my objective of fiber consumption on the two weekdays (30g or more) and ends of the week (25g or more). My sodium consumption likewise surpassed the standard; weekdays I expended 2841.32mg per day and 3303.9mg every day on ends of the week. With devotion comes achievement and with the end goal for me to remain committed I expected to develop thoroughly considered methodologies. A technique that contributed the most to my practiced objectives was to eat off grounds just two times each week. Generally I spared eating out for the ends of the week yet eating nearby settled on it simple to settle on solid decisions. For example, when I had off grounds for lunch on the ninth my sodium admission was 1324.22mg for that solitary feast and when I had lunch nearby on the 29th, a weekday, my sodium was not exactly a large portion of the sodium of the off grounds supper I ate on the ninth. Another technique that helped my prosperity was my utilization of condition control. I quit purchasing junkâ food and wound up winding on organic product, especially bananas, and sometimes canned beans. Thus, I expanded my fiber over my weekday and end of the week admission objective. These two techniques went about as a spine to my achievement i n my objectives. Despite the fact that I was extremely fruitful in my objectives, I confronted two significant hindrances simultaneously. Figuring out how to eat well on ends of the week was a gigantic hindrance with my bustling soccer plan. Breakfast is anything but difficult to make however lunch and supper is exceptionally hard to go to because of evening practices and night games. The ends of the week on normal supported up my sodium about 600mg higher than the weekdays; all things considered, I despite everything satisfied my sodium admission objective. I realized ends of the week would make an issue even before I began the venture on the grounds that it’s been a continuous issue since school began. Moreover, time was likewise a muddled hindrance to work around. Time is a typical hindrance when attempting to eat healthy, be progressively dynamic or essentially approaching a daily schedule. At the point when I was in a race to class or rushing around grounds dealing with things, I would once in a while bargain for fast microwavable items, which I learned contain more sodium than the typical. Out of the obstructions I looked there was one that I didn't anticipate, my ADHD medication. This prescription limited my appetite, here and there to where I would not like to eat. At the point when this happened I forcibly fed myself yet with littler parts. I would in general eat more plate of mixed greens rather than the substantial, filling food. Regardless of these deterrents, following multi week I rolled out just a single improvement to my conduct. I grew better shopping aptitudes that helped me acquire predominant quality microwavable nourishments and I began to keep organic product in my pack on the off chance that I felt crunched for time. This change helped me to finish my exercises and flourish in my objectives. During this task three significant issues developed with respect to my nourishment. One was that a few nourishments that I thought were solid aren’t. For instance, I generally ate seasoned moment oats thinking it was sound and nutritious, in any case, oats that has enhancing in it, I learned, as a rule has in excess of 12 grams of sugar in it per serving. As I became familiar with this item I found that this cereal was not entire oats which are unmistakably progressively more advantageous and can rush to make as moment oats. Picking an option for this food was essential to diminish my admission of sugar. Another significant issue that rose was what food I took in when going with the soccer group. It had nothing to do with the association. It was my own selection of bites that I chose to welcome on the transport rides; like popcorn or as amazing as it sounds, yogurt. Yogurt is solid as long as its kept straightforward, notwithstanding, my yogurts were stacked with enhancing a nd shading that lifts up the sugar content. In result I settled on elective decisions (apples, bananas) that would improve my game and lift my vitality soundly. Finally, I encountered a significant issue with my flat mate. As much as he helped me to settle on solid choices, fraudulently, he appeared to be not able to settle on sound choices for himself. He generally consistently has a sack of chips and an enormous measure of treats laying around which didn’t help in commitment to my objectives; my sodium consumption objective. Despite the fact that I discovered that so as to start eating better and increasingly solid, I invested less energy in the room. Presently I am entirely acceptable about saying â€Å"NO† when greasy lousy nourishment in my quality. Generally I learned numerous things about changing a wellbeing conduct. I discovered that changing a conduct requires some investment and exertion so as to succeed. The greater part of all, changing a wellbeing conduct takes assurance in light of the fact that without that it is difficult to change. In the wake of finishing this task I am glad to state I have moved structure the planning stage toward the start of the venture, to the activity stage in the Transtheoretical model. This accompanied the assistance of my dedication, in tolerating the obligation of progress, objectives, to keep me roused, rewards, when I finished my objectives I purchased a redskins pullover I’ve been needing, and in conclusion condition control, where I just purchased sound nourishments like foods grown from the ground. As of now I am effectively changing my negative practices and receiving new sound practices in my journey to organize number 5, the support stage.

We were worried

We were worried Two weekend ago, I spent my Saturday at a wonderful show called the Vagina Monologues. For the week following the show, I attempted to put into words what the show was about, what I thought during the show, and how I felt (enlightened) after the show. But I struggled to write anything that I felt truly encompassed what the show was about. So I reached out to one of my sisters (and friend I made before MIT through FRC), Erin B. 15 to write a blog about her experiences as part of the cast. This beautiful piece captured everything I pictured in a blog about the Vagina Monologues, but couldnt express in words.   I never thought I’d be performing the Vagina Monologues; heck, I never thought I’d be writing a blog post that contained the word “vagina”. But here I am. I first heard about the Vagina Monologues in my freshman year. An alum of my dorm was the producer and emailed me asking me to audition. As a shy freshman, even the thought of talking about vaginas in front of an audience made me blush; I told her I’d rather support the cause by being in the audience (all the proceeds go to charities which help women). Even after the first monologue last February, I knew I had made a grave mistake; I knew I needed to be in the cast. Why? The Vagina Monologues are about so much more than talking about vaginas in front of a large audience. For an audience member, they are about addressing things that often are swept under a rug: if we don’t talk about them, maybe we don’t have to think about them. The monologues address things like domestic violence, sexual assault and rape, and female genital mutilation; they also explore much brighter topics, like the wonder of childbirth, female empowerment and sex positivity. As an audience member last winter, I left the show with the feeling that there were so many more conversations that needed to happen on campus, and when I visited the dressing room to congratulate a friend, I realized that the cast was having those very conversations. Fast forward about 8 months to auditions. I was a musician in high school, so I’m accustomed to performance. However, rather than walking onstage and holding a trombone to my face, I have to use my body and voice to convey how I’m feeling (which is angry, according to the piece I was asked to prepare). I immediately become aware of how awkward my body is. My stance is haphazard. What do I do with my hands? My voice sounds the same no matter what I try to do with it. My palms start sweating and I begin to question my decision, but I carry through with the audition and immediately treat myself to a soy latte afterwards, to quell my shaking nerves. When the cast list is released, I know I have made the right decision. I am to be one of three girls in the introduction; though I have never met the other two (one a freshman in my dorm, and one a post-doc in the biology department), I am eager to spend IAP interacting with them as we rehearse. But I digress. First, we meet as a cast. We learn the vagina cheer (“Go, vaginas, go go, vaginas!”), talk about fundraising ideas, meet the rest of the cast, and then strip to lingerie for a photo shoot for the advertisements (which traditionally include cast members, but no faces). Standing around, I realized that the other members of the cast were already empowering me: if I didn’t have their encouragement and infectious confidence, I would have never comfortably stood around in my underwear. It was a positive feedback loop: because others were confident, I felt encouraged and confident, and because I was confident, I then in turn encouraged others to be more confident. I didn’t wan t to put on my jeans and sweater to walk back to my dorm; I wanted to prance around and feel brave. However, a quick glance confirmed that it was snowing (which seems to be the norm for Saturdays in Boston this winter), so I put on all my layers before heading home. Over IAP, I spent many hours in an empty classroom with the two other intro ladies and our director. I got to know them well. We laughed about awkward dates and weird people at the gym. We shared frustrations with our health. We grew to understand each others’ strengths and weaknesses and played to them. Most importantly, through feedback from each other, we learned a bit about acting. (You guys, my hands don’t just hang there awkwardly anymore!) So, here’s what Kirsten actually wanted me to blog about when she asked me to write about being a cast member: the actual show. The reason I’m only getting to it now is because VagMo is about so much more than the weekend in which the rest of campus sees it. It’s about how the cast can empower each other and how we can carry that empowerment across campus, and there’s a lot more to that empowerment than just the performances. But, here we go: the show. Actually performing was an exhilarating experience. After weeks of “pause so the audience can laugh” in rehearsal, it was nice to hear actual laughter. On opening night, the alum who contacted me my freshman year (and who has become one of my closest friends in the past year, surprisingly) sat in the second row; seeing her doubled over at one of my jokes (Eve Ensler, the author of the monologues, allows casts to write in a few regionally-relevant things for a few of the monologues. They are the most open-source production I have ever heard of.) was one of the best feelings in the world, and I found it so hard not to break character. Seeing so much of campus come to see the show was fantastic, because I know it facilitated dialogue as much as it provided entertainment. As a cast member, I spent about 40 hours with the rest of the cast in the week of the show, and we had so many discussions. We had warm-ups in which we shared stories about ourselves (not necessarily our vaginas, since not every member of the cast had one), and in the dressing room or between rehearsals, we continued these conversations. We talked about sex. We talked about menopause, birth control, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. We talked about consent. We talked about rape. At one point, someone started writing her problems (literally, a Course 8, physics, proof; MIT students still find the time to p-set between shows) on the chalkboard in our dressing room, and others began to do the same; then, after looking at a wall of problems, we began to write empowering things on the board. I saw things like “being single helps me get back to my priorities” and “my body can run a half-marathon, and that’s a beautiful thing.” Talk about inspiring. We talked about the fact that if the show made us want to address these things, perhaps it would do the same on campus. We talked about how we could make things better on campus. On Sunday afternoon, I didn’t want to leave the cast after our matinee. I felt like I had found a supportive family and felt closer to them than I did to many other people on campus. I know that I am lucky to go to a school where there are student groups for sex positivity and violence prevention and response. I know that I am lucky to have a family of vaginas (and a subsequent email list) who I can come to with concerns and they will help me understand them. And though there is still so much that our society can do to address women’s rights, I know that I am lucky to live in a culture where these kinds of conversations can even occur. The show made me appreciate these things. The week after the show, I was soldering with a classmate for a robotics class, and he told me he really appreciated the show. He mentioned it had opened his eyes to issues and viewpoints he had never seen before and afterwards he did quite a bit of research. I asked him if it facilitated conversations he wouldn’t have had otherwise; he agreed that it had. Mission: accomplished. ?

Biography of René Magritte, Belgian Surrealist

Renà ©Ã‚  Magritte  (1898-1967)  was a famous 20th-century Belgian artist known for his unique  surrealist works. Surrealists  explored the human condition through unrealistic imagery that often came from dreams and the subconscious. Magrittes imagery came from the real world but he used it in unexpected ways. His goal as an artist was  to challenge the viewers assumptions by using odd and surprising juxtapositions of familiar objects such as bowler hats, pipes, and floating rocks. He changed the scale of some objects, he deliberately excluded others, and he played with words and meaning. One of his most famous paintings, The Treachery of Images (1929), is a painting of a pipe below which is written Ceci nest pas une pipe.  (English translation: This is not a pipe.)   Magritte died August 15, 1967 in  Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium, of pancreatic cancer. He was buried in  Schaarbeek Cemetery. Early Life and Training Renà © Franà §ois Ghislain Magritte (pronounced mag ·reet) was born November 21, 1898, in Lessines, Hainaut, Belgium. He was the eldest of three sons born to Là ©opold (1870-1928) and Rà ©gina (nà ©e Bertinchamps; 1871-1912) Magritte. Aside from a few facts, almost nothing is known of Magrittes childhood. We know that the familys financial status was comfortable because of Là ©opold, ostensibly a tailor, made handsome profits from his investments in edible oils and bouillon cubes. We also know that young Renà © sketched and painted early on, and began taking formal lessons in drawing in 1910 — the same year that he produced his first  oil painting. Anecdotally, he was said to be a lackluster student in school. The artist himself had little to say about his childhood beyond a few vivid memories that shaped his way of seeing. Perhaps this relative silence about his early life was born when his mother committed suicide in 1912. Rà ©gina had been suffering from depression for an undocumented number of years and was so badly affected that she was usually kept in a locked room. On the night she escaped, she immediately went to the nearest bridge and threw herself into the River Sambre that flowed behind the Magrittes property. Rà ©gina was missing for days before her body was discovered a mile or so downriver. Legend has it that Rà ©ginas nightgown had wrapped itself around her head by the time her corpse was recovered, and an acquaintance of Renà ©s later started the story that he was present when his mother was pulled from the river. He was certainly not there. The only public comment he ever made on the subject was that hed felt guiltily happy to be the focal point of sensation and sympathy, both at school and in his neighborhood. However, veils, curtains, faceless people, and headless faces and torsos  did  become recurring themes in his paintings. In 1916, Magritte enrolled in the  Academie des Beaux-Arts  in Brussels seeking inspiration and a safe distance from the WWI German invasion. He found none of the former but one of his classmates at the Academie introduced him to  cubism, futurism, and purism, three movements he found exciting and which significantly changed the style of his work. Career Magritte  emerged from the  Academie  qualified to do commercial art. After a compulsory year of service in the military in 1921, Magritte returned home and found work as a draughtsman in a wallpaper factory, and worked freelance in advertising to pay the bills while he continued to paint. During this time he saw a painting  by the Italian surrealist  Giorgio de Chirico, called  The Song of Love, which greatly influenced his own art. Magritte created his first surreal painting, Le Jockey Perdu  (The Lost Jockey) in 1926, and had his first solo show in 1927 in Brussels at the Galerie de Centaure. The show was reviewed critically, however, and Magritte, depressed, moved to Paris, where he  befriended Andre Breton and joined the surrealists there — Salvador Dalà ­, Joan Miro, and Max Ernst.  He produced a number of important works during this time, such as The Lovers,  The False Mirror, and the Treachery of Images. After three years, he returned to Brussels and to his work in advertising, forming a company with his brother, Paul. This gave him money to live on while continuing to paint. His painting went through different styles during the last years of World War II as a reaction to the pessimism of his earlier work. He adopted a style similar to the Fauves for a short time during 1947-1948, and also supported himself doing copies of paintings by Pablo Picasso,  Georges Braque, and de Chirico. Magritte dabbled in communism, and whether the forgeries were for purely financial reasons or intended to disrupt Western bourgeois capitalist habits of thought is debatable.   Magritte and  Surrealism Magritte had a witty sense of humor that is evident in his work and in his subject matter. He delighted in representing the paradoxical nature of reality in his paintings and in making the viewer question what reality really is. Rather than depicting fantastic creatures in fictional landscapes, he painted ordinary objects and people in realistic settings. Notable characteristics of his work include the following: His arrangements were often impossible under the laws of physics.The scale of these mundane elements was frequently (and deliberately) wrong.When words were painted — as they were periodically — they were usually a witticism of some sort, as in the aforementioned painting, The Treachery of Images on which he painted, Ceci nest pas une pipe. (This is not a pipe.) Although the viewer can clearly see that the painting is, indeed, of a pipe, Magrittes point is just that — that it is only a  picture  of a pipe. You cant pack it with tobacco, light it, and smoke it. The joke is on the viewer, and Magritte points out the misunderstandings that are inherent in language.Ordinary objects were painted in unusual  ways and in unorthodox juxtapositions in order to evoke mystery. He is known for painting men in bowler hats, perhaps autobiographical, but perhaps merely a prop for his visual games. Famous Quotes Magritte spoke about the meaning, ambiguity, and mystery of his work  in these quotes and others, providing viewers with clues  as to how to interpret his art: My painting is visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, What does that mean? It does not mean anything because mystery means nothing, it is unknowable.Everything we see hides another thing, we always want to see what is hidden by what we see.Art evokes the mystery without which the world would not exist. Important Works: The Menaced Assassin, 1927The Treachery of Images, 1928-29The Key of Dreams, 1930The Human Condition, 1934Not to be Reproduced, 1937Time Transfixed, 1938The Listening Room, 1952Golconda, 1953 More of Renà © Magrittes work can be seen in the Special Exhibition Gallery Renà © Magritte: The Pleasure Principle. Legacy Magrittes art had a significant impact on the Pop and Conceptual art movements that followed and on the way, we have come to view, understand, and accept surrealist art today. In particular, his repeated use of commonplace objects, the commercial style of his work, and the importance of the concept of technique inspired Andy Warhol and others.  His work has infiltrated our culture to such an extent that it has almost become invisible, with  artists and others continuing to borrow Magrittes iconic images for labels and advertising, something that would no doubt greatly please Magritte. Resources and Further Reading Calvocoressi, Richard. Magritte.London: Phaidon, 1984. Gablik, Suzi. Magritte.New York: Thames Hudson, 2000. Paquet, Marcel. Rene Magritte, 1898-1967: Thought Rendered Visible.New York: Taschen America LLC, 2000.

Public Policy Is An Important Part Of Any Political...

Public Policy is an important part of any political science studies. While when studying government, some issues may be boring or inapplicable the public policy process isn’t. The process brings about interest and controversy in most issues up for debate and this past semester has been no different. While many people might find the implementation of policy daunting I have gotten the opportunity to put the theories strategies of public policy to the test whether that be through TV shows (West Wing, Scandal, and Veep), various classroom simulations, or my internship at a Senators Office. These situations have allowed me to improve my understanding of the policy process and learn more about the current challenges policymakers in the†¦show more content†¦The West Wing did an exceptional job of showing what roles are important when running a White House. Especially with the new Trump White House office it was easier to know the people he was surrounding himself with a nd what they are responsible for. This semester I got the opportunity to intern at Senator Heitkamp’s office in Grand Forks. When I first started in this position there were many names and titles thrown out at me, I wasn’t completely sure want a chief of staff was or what they do same with a Communications Director, I knew they oversaw social media but that is the extent of it. After reading the book and seeing the roles applied I’m able to understand what goes into making sure a Senator is completely prepared. Personally, the simulation has benefitted my further knowledge on what goes into making decisions and what ultimately makes it into the State of the Union. After being a part of the International/ Humanitarian Aid Council, I have learned to consider how the world operates and how the U.S. decides what states are in dire need of aid. On our council, we dealt with truly tragic situations it was interesting to learn the process of writing a memo in a s emi-official outline and to get a hands-on experience to see what kind of policies the International/ Humanitarian Aid makes decisions on. The people on my council truly made the simulation much easier to do as we all collaborated andShow MoreRelatedThe Key Characteristics Of Lasswell s Policy Orientation1591 Words   |  7 PagesA Literature Review on the Key Characteristics of Lasswell’s Policy Orientation Lasswell’s formation of public policy is founded upon fundamental characteristics that establish the view that policymaking rests on scientific analysis and a practical application, concluding on the necessity of a policy science to understand the full complexities of policy formation. An analysis and discussion of these characteristics can be found in the following academic articles: ‘Revisiting Lasswell’ by James FarrRead MoreA Literature Review of the Popular Opinion on Abortion1651 Words   |  7 Pagescritical decision that woman should be allowed to make. The debate over abortion has been a persistent source of political and cultural division in this country. Most Americans have an opinion on abortion and believe the issue is important to them. Also, opinions on abortion, in a very general sense, are believed to have stayed relatively stable since the Roe v. Wade decision. Political Party Affiliation Jelen and Wilcox (2003) find that abortion attitudes are increasingly strong predictors ofRead MoreThe Lack Of Knowledge That Researchers Know About Public Policy Implementation1444 Words   |  6 Pagesresearchers know about public policy implementation despite several years of research. Also, it attempts to alter the deficiencies by performing results from a comprehensive literacy review. Its main object was to: 1) challenge; 2) revises; 3) and add some conventional wisdom about implementation. In addition, provide a foundation for and start a much-needed mixture of experimental data research result. The author stated that: â€Å"The overall volume of publications on policy implementation has notRead MoreModels of Public Policy1550 Words   |  7 PagesMODELS FOR POLICY ANALYSIS Uses of Models. The models we shall use in studying policy are conceptual models. Simplify and clarify our thinking about politics and public policy Identify important aspects of policy problems Suggest explanations for public policy and predict its consequences Selected Policy Models. INSTITUTIONALISM: POLICY AS INSTITUTIONAL OUTPUT Government institutions have long been a central focus of political science. Public policy is authoritatively determined, implemented, andRead MoreSystems Model; Critique1687 Words   |  7 PagesCritique the relevance of the systems model to the study of politics Models, theories and concepts as approaches for analysing policy and decision making have been developed by political and social scientists to guide the study of public policy, to facilitate communication and to suggest possible explanations for policy actions. This essay is a critique of the relevance of the systems model to the study of politics. A model is conceptually defined as a theoretical representation of empirical dataRead MoreSocial And Political Views Of Democracy1364 Words   |  6 Pagesrange of political subjects (such as candidates, parties, and policies) and then combine and simplify their likings in a way that allows them to choose on voting decisions. So, how are these challenges met? In the United States, some citizens are conservative Republics, some are liberal Democrats, and others fall in between or outside the two. Recent studies have proposed that these recognitions play an important part in voting behavior and political perception. Recently, however, more studies haveRead MoreThe Foxhole Court, By Writer Nora Sakavic Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyzing political economic factors behind such as values in present market demand, how domestic and international interact with the matter, consistency with developing economy, financial advancement, market orientation one can choose one’s future . Without scrutinizing these sections decisions may take for personal gain or achievement. This is the why I like to choose The subject â€Å"Public Administration† at renowned University of Dhaka. Political Economy : Political Economy, branch of social science thatRead MoreShould Prayer Be Allowed? School?1623 Words   |  7 Pagesreligion for the republican government. As citizens of Virginia and Massachusetts both were sympathetic to general religious taxes being paid by the citizens of their respective states to the churches of their choice (Religion And The Federal Government, Part 1 - Religion And The Founding Of The American Republic | Exhibitions (Library Of Congress) .† Due to the conservative views of the country’s first to presidents, they most likely would not have supported laws against prayer in school the national levelRead MoreWoodrow Wilson vs. Long948 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans could incorporate Public Administration into the Constitution which did not mention it. Also in developing Public Administration, Wilson’s basic difficulty was how to reconcile the differences in notions of democracy (popular rule) and the systematic rules. To do this he says there are two spheres: â€Å"Politics† and â€Å"Administration† Politics = choices of government are made by the elected and Administration = carries out the choices by the (popular consent) free of political meddlinggt; â€Å"politics-administrationRead MoreSimon Hix s The European Union1519 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions and the problems that are associated with it. Some interests of his that he researches are, ‘European Union Politics and Policy, The EU legislative process and the European Parliament, Parties and elections and Rational choice theory’ (LSE, 2014). His primary aim when writing this book was to give readers an understanding of how the European Union, as a political system works and how the institutions within it function and why they function in the way that they do and this is the general field

Course Project, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Free Essays

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1 Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles (10 items) Description of Business The Open-Road Motorcycle Company is the largest online retailer of salvage title motorcycles. We are focused on bringing the customer the best value on entry level motorcycles by providing lower prices than our competitors. Our motorcycles are sold all over the United States, and we currently have 30 stores all across the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Course Project, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements or any similar topic only for you Order Now Property, Plant and Equipment All property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their useful lives. All depreciation expense incurred is derived using the straight line method. We do not depreciate our land. We estimate our useful life for our assets accordingly; buildings have a 40 year life, computer equipment has a 5 year life and the repair equipment a 15 year life. The estimated lives of our assets are reviewed periodically to determine if any impairment is present so the useful lives and depreciation can be adjusted for accuracy. Short-term Investments All of our investments are comprised of trading securities comprised of debt instruments in different industries. The securities are reported at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses stated on net income. Securities that are still held at the end of the fiscal year are evaluated and are adjusted if necessary. Inventory Valuation All of our merchandise on our website is recorded at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. The salvage motorcycle inventory is recorded at cost. We value our inventory using the average method. If the motorcycle is considered â€Å"unsellable†, it becomes disassembled and sold for parts. All parts received from motorcycles that have been disassembled are not recorded because the cost has already been recorded from the original purchase. The motorcycle would be written off as a loss on net income and all sales from the parts are considered gains and are stated on net income. Refer to Note 2. Costs of Goods Sold Our Costs of goods sold is the cost of the motorcycles purchased, direct labor and depreciation expense. It includes all shipping and handling costs, air freight, train, and truck costs in received the merchandise and or motorcycles. Revenue Recognition All revenue generated from sales of inventory are realized when it has been earned. Generally when the item purchased arrives and the ownership transfers. All shipping and handling costs are included in the sales price. Revenues earned from sales are stated net of tax. Sales from disassembled motorcycles are listed as gains or losses on net income. Advertising Costs All costs associated with the marketing our website, which include television and internet ads, are expensed when incurred. Typically our advertising costs stay the same every year at $4 million, since our beginning in 2006. Accounts Receivables We record accounts receivables at net realizable value. This value is the remainder of the amount due on sales on credit less estimated uncollectable amounts. We calculate our estimated amount based on past write-offs. Our company credit policy extends a 30 day period in which the full payment is due upon completion of sale. The item must have a prepayment of at-least 50% of the motorcycle sales price before it is shipped. We believe that because of this policy the amount of uncollectable revenue is reduces and sales have increased. Contingencies Our company is currently involved in a lawsuit pending a settlement agreement. A former employee was injured in an accident involving improper handling of the shipment. The settlement is considered probable and the estimated cost is $2 million. This amount is stated in current liabilities. Refer to Note 4. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Our company contributes to pension and other postretirement health care plans for all of our employees. We contribute 3% of gross wages into a retirement fund specified by each employee. Refer to note 11. Note 2 Inventories Our inventory is comprised of salvaged motorcycles and fully repaired motorcycles. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. We base our cost on the average cost method. Repaired motorcycles have title and labor costs included in the basis of valuation. Inventories consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2011 2010 Salvage motorcycle inventory $ 300 $310 Repaired motorcycle inventory $250 $200 Total inventories $550 $510 Note 3 Property, Plant and Equipment The following table illustrates our property, plant and equipment (in millions): December 31, 2011 2010 Land $ 600 $ 550 Buildings and garages 900 700 Machinery, repair and computers 00 350 1,900 1,600 Less: accumulated depreciation 350 300 Property, plant and equipment – net $ 1,550 $ 1,300 Note 4 Contingencies and Liabilities Our company is currently involved in a lawsuit that is pending a settlement. The approximate amount of the settlement is $2 million. We have determined that the contingency is probable and the amount of the settlement is accurate. This amount is stated on the consolidated balance sheet for the current period. Note 5 Changes in Accounting Principles or Estimates We are currently using the average cost method for inventory valuation in place of LIFO. We have determined this method is more accurate for valuation because prices tend to fluctuate and may skew net income unfavorably. Note 6 Post Balance Sheet Events Our company continually evaluates its motorcycle inventory to determine cost and its ability to sell. If a significant amount of inventory is deemed obsolete or â€Å"unsellable,† it is adjusted in the next period. The amount is deducted from inventory and written off as a loss. The motorcycles then become disassembled and all revenue generate from the parts are considered a gain. Note 7 Mergers and Acquisitions We recently acquired Pristine Paint Jobs Company during the year for $50 million. We acquired all buildings, land, equipment and certain patents on paint jobs. We have decided to expand our operations by completely restoring salvage motorcycles for a lower price. The following table illustrates the assets and liabilities received from the purchase (in millions): Cash $ 3 Inventory 10 Equipment 35 Property, plant and Equipment 45 Total assets acquired 93 Accounts payable 40 Long-term debt 40 Total liabilities acquired 80 Total net assets acquired $13 Note 8 Lease Obligations We currently lease a special modification machine that restores the engine and parts to 95%. The lease agreement is based on a 5 year term for $500,000 a year. The following table illustrates our payments for the term of the lease. Years ending December 31, Lease Payments 2011 $500,000 2012 $500,000 2013 $500,000 2014 $500,000 2015 $500,000 Total cost of the lease $2,500,000 Note 9 EPS Our company has 200,000 shares authorized with 100,000 outstanding. We have no preferred stock or treasury stock. The following table will illustrate the current and previous earnings per share. 2011 2010 Net Income (in millions) $ 5 $ 4 Number of shares outstanding 100,000 100,000 EPS $50 $40 Note 10 Long-Term Debt With the acquisition of Pristine Paint Jobs, we acquired $40 million in long-term debt. Our long term debt prior to the acquisition was $25 million. Our long term debt consists of a $25 million note payable at a fixed interest rate of 1. 5 percent due December 31, 2040. The following illustrates the long term debts acquired from the purchase of Pristine Paint Jobs. * $20 million total principal amount of notes due November 20, 2035, at a fixed rate of 1 percent; and * $20 million total principal amount of notes due November 20, 2035, at a fixed rate of 1. 5 percent. Note 11 Employee Pension Obligations We continue to contribute to employee retirement plans for all of our employees. These pension plans are funded and are based on salaries and years of service. The total contribution for the year is $10 million. In 2010 our total contribution was $9 million. We contribute 3% of employee wages into the plan. The increase in contribution is due to the increase of our workforce. How to cite Course Project, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Essay examples

Perioperative Fibrillation And Term Risk -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation And Term Risk? Answer: Introduction Operation or surgery is the ultimate treatment provided by physicians to treat a patient and improve his or her health. However, numerous of physical, biological and chemical hazards that are lurking in the operation theatre make their profession risky (Bainbridge et al. 2012). The role of perioperative nurses are more risky as they help in the assessment, planning and implementation of the nursing care, the patient receives before, in between and after the surgery. Therefore, the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Board and the Australian College of Operating Room Nurses (ACORN) helps the perioperative nurses by guiding them and governing them in practice so that they are able to provide the patient with best care in such perioperative environment (Gialdini et al. 2014). The biological hazards such as blood, body fluids and tissue specimen of the infected patient can also lead to infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B and several other blood-borne diseases. Therefore ACORN stand ards makes sure that the perioperative nurses are provided with equal amount of care while serving for the patient in hazardous (biological) operation theatres (Bainbridge et al. 2012). This assignment will be discussing about the standards set by ACORN for the surgical concerns and the implication of these standards in attaining safety for perioperative nurses in surgical environment will be critically discussed. Further for the evaluation, the ACORN standards, the local and national health policy and literature review conducted with research articles of last five years. Furthermore, these implications will be discussed in the context of my practice settings and the changes should be made so that the practice is able to achieve success for both patient and perioperative nurses. According to Ghosh (2013), in the report of World Health Report Working Together for Health on Human Resources determines that the crisis level of health care workers in more than 57 countries is because of the unsafe work environment and protect for the staff. The researchers also agree to the fact that perioperative nurses are at higher risk in the operation theatre than any other healthcare personnel as the chances of their exposure to biological hazards is always higher (Marsh 2012). Still there are several lacks in the guidelines related to it in maximum countries. As the assignment is focused to biological hazards, the risk of it can cause several blood borne infections, hepatitis B and C and the severity of it can lead to HIV infection as well. These hazards can be of different types and according to Ghosh (2013), there are more than 5000 manual handling injuries are reported every year. However, the devastating risk of biological hazards affects the perioperative nurses most. Usage of sharp and pointed objects, working with infected patients and staying in contact with the infected person within the operative room having no such equipment to filter the air within, can cause severe infection to the perioperative nurses. Further, due to exposure to percutaneous injuries, blood-borne pathogens, blood splashes, contact or exposure to microorganisms and exposure to protein allergens present in the surgical gloves can also causes biological injuries to the perioperative nurse (Mellor and Hutchinson 2013). According to Ghosh (2013), more than 6 million perioperative healthcare professionals are at the risk of different blood-borne diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, and other potentially infected bacteria due to the exposure to blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, peritoneal and cerebrospinal fluid and so on. The ACORN standards determined few rules and regulations so that perioperative nurses working in such risky environment can be secured from being exposed to such biological hazards. Therefore, the ACORN 2016-2017 standard was modified from its previous versions and published to include a suggestion to manage the biological hazard within the operative environment (ACORN 2017). This standard has five statement depending on which the entire standard is destined to help the perioperative nurses. These are standard for staff and patient safety, professional practice, asepsis and clinical care, equipment and environment related and management and staffing (ACORN 2017). The primary aim of this ACORN standards to make the healthcare personal immune to the biological hazard they face in the operation theatre and take preventive measures so that the chain of infection can be ceased. As a solution to different to these problems, this standards recommend the usage of personal safety equipment fo r the perioperative nurses. Hence all the healthcare systems in Australia , needs to follow these guidelines along with the national work and health safety guidelines issues by the Ministry of Health in 2015 need to be followed by each health district (MTAA 2017). The transmission of blood-borne infection and other severe infections within the perioperative system is primarily caused by mucosal or percutaneous exposure of the perioperative nurses to the body fluid or infected blood of the patients (Holmberg, Suryaprasad and Ward 2012). Further the physical injuries to used injection needles, sharp objects and cutaneous scratches and direct inoculation of those virus or bacteria through those injuries can also lead to chain of viral infections within the operation theatre (Thursz and Fontanet 2014). Further, the virus can also infect the perioperative nurses through colonizing the open eye mucosal surface, nose and sometimes from mouth (due to accidental or sudden splashes). Here it should be mentioned that without any direct contact to the mucosal or percutaneous tissues, these blood-borne diseases, HBV, HCV and HIV are not able to cause infection through exposure to skin further airborne transmissions are also not registered earlier ((Thursz and Fontanet 2014)). All the literature focused on this similar aspect mentioned by the ACORN standards and determined that prevention is the best policy to minimize the exposure of perioperative nurses to such biological hazards. The personal protection equipment is easily available in several healthcare facilities globally and those facilities utilize this device as the primary source to eliminate the biological hazards. Further research conducted for identification of the path, through which blood-borne infection is caused determine that within the medical surgery process the percentage of equipment caused injuries are more than 15%, which is the biggest cause for such infection (Mitchell et al. 2012). Further, Phillips, Conaway and Jagger (2012) conducted a research to understand the rate of percutaneous injuries within a surgery and determined that in all kind of surgeries such as general, orthopedic, cardiac, traumatic and gynecologic surgeries more than 50% of perioperative nurses developed injuri es. Therefore usage of personal protective equipment is advised by several researchers as according to Verbeek et al. (2016), using it can prevent the occurrence of infection by more than 30%. The use of personal protective equipment such as surgical gloves, eye glass and surgical suite can prevent the percutaneous and mucosal exposure to the infection and prevent the disease to be spread among the perioperative nurses. However, according to Edmond, Diekema and Perencevich (2014), the researchers found that despite of using PPEs, 2 perioperative nurses developed EBOLA virus infection from the surgical environment. Therefore, the need of reengineering of surgical suits and personal protective equipment has become mandatory. The ACORN healthcare standards was implemented in my healthcare system long ago and all the operative systems are equipped with personal protective equipment and preventive measures. However, as the researcher Lindsey, Hutchinson and Mellor (2015) said, the lack of proper education and professional training regarding the system has delayed the agenda of healthcare facility to protect its perioperative nurses. The healthcare facility did not provided operating staffs with the training of usage of personal protective equipment and hence all the preoperative personnel are unaware of the usage of it. However, after the implementation of the ACORN policy, the healthcare system implemented a risk assessment and management system in the facility that determines the rate of risk in the operational theatre by conducting internal audits every 15th day so that proper knowledge of the occurrence of the biological hazards can be assessed and further solutions regarding those can be implemented (U ?urlu et al. 2015). Further, as the ACORN policies are not mandatory in the state or territorial healthcare facilities, application of the standards in my healthcare facility is commendable as application of the standard is the first step to protect and prevent the perioperative hazards. However there are few recommendations, application of which can be helpful in attaining complete protection from perioperative hazards. The healthcare facility should provide proper training related to the usage of personal protective equipment to the perioperative personnel so that in case of biological hazard, they are able to remove it, by their own (Ball 2012). Further, as mentioned by Hill et al. (2012), creating smoke free operation theatre can reduce the risk of hazard by maximum amount. Further, the educational session should be provided to each multidisciplinary teams that are involved in the process of surgery. Further, providing training will help to eliminate the fear among the healthcar e professionals regarding the preventing measures and they will be able to use it in near future in any hazardous condition. While concluding, it should be mentioned that all the literature presented in this assignment determined that healthcare professionals are at constant risk while providing care to patients and these hazards are able to affect the healthcare professionals drastically. Biological hazard is the most prevalent hazard. The ACORN standard provides few guidelines and recommended to use the personal safety equipment and follow the immunization and prevention treatments within the healthcare facility so that the elimination of risk can become easier and efficient. Further the assignment explained the application of ACORN in my healthcare organization and determined the loopholes present in the system. Providing training and educational sessions regarding prevention and management of mucosal and percutaneous infections within the healthcare facility to healthcare professionals including multidisciplinary teams and perioperative nurses so that complete compliance with the ACORN system can be im plemented. References ACORN 2017.Standards for Perioperative Nursing in Australia. [online] Acorn.org.au. Available at: https://www.acorn.org.au/files/9514/9869/9489/ACORN_standards_Ed_14_-_October_2016_-_TOC.pdf [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018]. Bainbridge, D., Martin, J., Arango, M., Cheng, D. and Evidence-based Peri-operative Clinical Outcomes Research (EPiCOR) Group, 2012. Perioperative and anaesthetic-related mortality in developed and developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet,380(9847), pp.1075-1081. Ball, K., 2012. Compliance with surgical smoke evacuation guidelines: implications for practice.ORNAC J,30(1), pp.14-6. Edmond, M.B., Diekema, D.J. and Perencevich, E.N., 2014. Ebola virus disease and the need for new personal protective equipment.Jama,312(23), pp.2495-2496.Ghosh, T., 2013. Occupational health and hazards among health care workers.International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health,3(1), pp.1-4. Gialdini, G., Nearing, K., Bhave, P.D., Bonuccelli, U., Iadecola, C., Healey, J.S. and Kamel, H., 2014. Perioperative atrial fibrillation and the long-term risk of ischemic stroke.Jama,312(6), pp.616-622. Hill, D.S., ONeill, J.K., Powell, R.J. and Oliver, D.W., 2012. Surgical smokea health hazard in the operating theatre: a study to quantify exposure and a survey of the use of smoke extractor systems in UK plastic surgery units.Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery,65(7), pp.911-916. Holmberg, S.D., Suryaprasad, A. and Ward, J.W., 2012. Updated CDC recommendations for the management of hepatitis B virusinfected health-care providers and students.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports,61(3), pp.1-12. Lindsey, C., Hutchinson, M. and Mellor, G., 2015. The nature and hazards of diathermy plumes: a review.AORN journal,101(4), pp.428-442. Marsh, S., 2012. The smoke factor: things you should know.Journal of perioperative practice,22(3), pp.91-94. Mellor, G. and Hutchinson, M., 2013. Is it time for a more systematic approach to the hazards of surgical smoke? Reconsidering the evidence.Workplace health safety,61(6), pp.265-270. Mitchell, R., Ogunremi, T., Astrakianakis, G., Bryce, E., Gervais, R., Gravel, D., Johnston, L., Leduc, S., Roth, V., Taylor, G. and Vearncombe, M., 2012. Impact of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic on Canadian health care workers: a survey on vaccination, illness, absenteeism, and personal protective equipment.American Journal of Infection Control,40(7), pp.611-616. MTAA 2017.ACORN Standards - MTAA. [online] Mtaa.org.au. Available at: https://www.mtaa.org.au/acorn-standards [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018]. Phillips, E.K., Conaway, M.R. and Jagger, J.C., 2012. Percutaneous injuries before and after the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act.New England Journal of Medicine,366(7), pp.670-671. Thursz, M. and Fontanet, A., 2014. HCV transmission in industrialized countries and resource-constrained areas.Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology,11(1), p.28. U?urlu, Z., Karahan, A., nl, H., Abbaso?lu, A., zhan Elba?, N., Avc? Ik, S. and Tepe, A., 2015. The Effects of Workload and Working Conditions on Operating Room Nurses and Technicians.Workplace health safety,63(9), pp.399-407. Verbeek, J.H., Ijaz, S., Mischke, C., Ruotsalainen, J.H., Mkel, E., Neuvonen, K., Edmond, M.B., Sauni, R., Kilinc Balci, F.S. and Mihalache, R.C., 2016. Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff.The Cochrane Library.

A Memorable Day in My Life. Essay Essays

A Memorable Day in My Life. Essay Essays A Memorable Day in My Life. Essay Essay A Memorable Day in My Life. Essay Essay A memorable day in my life Life is full of various events and experiences. But all of these are not equally important, enjoyable and memorable. Some are memorable. I am a student. There are some memorable days and they remain evergreen in my heart. My first day at school is such a day. It was the month of January, 2007. I was then only six years old. My father proposed that I should be admitted into a school in class one the next day. I felt very excited. I could not think of anything else. I was always thinking about the school, the teachers as I watched on the TV. I could not even sleep well that night. The next morning my mother woke me early in the morning. She washed me very well, combed my hair and dressed in new clothes. Then I had breakfast and started for the school with my father. He took me to the nearest NHF Primary School of our locality at 9. 30 am. The school was not very far from our home. So we walk all the way. It took us half an hour to reach the school. When I stepped inside the school compound with my father I was somewhat afraid. I saw many students on the school campus. Some were playing; some were talking to each other. Finding me in a new environment my heart began to beat. At first my father took me to the headmaster’s room and requested him to admit me in class one. At first I felt a bit nervous and shy. But his smiling face and gentle eyes put me at ease. He asked me my name and I answered him. Then he pointed me a letter chart and asked me to say some letters. I could say them all because my mother taught me them at home. Then he became very pleased with me and admitted me in class one. Then he called Ms Fatema, the class teacher of class one to take me to the class. She welcomed me and took me to the class and gave me a seat. All the students in the class were staring at me. I felt a bit nervous once again to see the new faces. But soon I became very easy. The class lasted 35 minutes I had four other periods with a break of 30 minutes. I found that all my teachers were careful, friendly and helpful. At the leisure period all of my classmates started playing in the field. I felt very lonely and was loitering here and there. Then they invited me to join them. I started playing. I felt myself like a free bird flying in the open sky. My school broke up at 12 pm. My mother was at the gate to receive me. I leapt into her arms. She kissed me and caught me at her arms. Thus I finished my first day at school. I left the school at with new experience and cheerful mind. I shall never forget the day as long as I live.

Mental Health of Asylum Seekers Essays

Mental Health of Asylum Seekers Essays Mental Health of Asylum Seekers Paper Mental Health of Asylum Seekers Paper In the past, most refugees who permanently resettled in the traditional recipient countries of North America, Europe, and Australasia were screened prior to arrival in a host country. In the last decade, increasing numbers of unauthorized refugees or asylum seekers, those who formally lodge application for refugee status in the country in which they are residing, have applied for protection after crossing the borders of these countries. Concerns about uncontrolled migration have encouraged host countries to adopt policies of deterrence in which increasingly restrictive measures are being imposed on persons seeking asylum. These measures include, variously, confinement in detention centers, enforced dispersal within the community, the implementation of more stringent refugee determination procedures, and temporary forms of asylum. In several countries, asylum seekers living in the community face restricted access to work, education, housing, welfare, and, in some situations, to basic health care services. Allegations of abuse, untreated medical and psychiatric illnesses, suicidal behavior, hunger strikes, and outbreaks of violence among asylum seekers in detention centers have been reported. Although systematic research into the mental health of asylum seekers is in its infancy, and methods are limited by sampling difficulties, there is growing evidence that salient postmigration stress facing asylum seekers adds to the effect of previous trauma in creating risk of ongoing posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychiatric symptoms. The medical profession has a role in educating governments and the public about the potential risks of imposing excessively harsh policies of deterrence on the mental health of asylum seekers. Riots The escape followed riots involving about 150 detainees at the facility last week. The violence was begun by four men who had had refugee applications rejected and were told they would be deported. One man tried to sew his lips together and two others cut themselves with glass during the riots, officials said. Thousands of would-be immigrants are caught each year trying to enter Australia illegally, often after perilous voyages from Asia in decrepit boats owned by people-smuggling gangs. More than 4,000 such immigrants arrived during 1999, sparking a controversial deterrence campaign from the Australian Government highlighting the dangers of making the journey to Australia. The illegal arrivals are held in detention centers while authorities process their applications for refugee status. This policy of mandatory detention has sparked an outcry by church and human rights groups. Detainees at the three biggest camps Port Hedland, Curtin and Woomera have staged peaceful breakouts and hunger strikes and unleashed bursts of violence to protest being held and denied rights afforded to those refugees who arrive legally. The Government says the bulk of the rioting and disturbances at the detention centers is caused by long-term inmates who realize their refugee status will be denied and believe that rioting will pressure the Government to release them. Critics of the camps protest the outsourcing of their management to the U. S. -owned prison management firm Australasian Correctional Management, saying it is wrong for a private firm seeking to seek profit from managing refugees. Detainees have said children were sprayed with tear gas during a recent riot at one of the centers. They also complain that staff taunt and beat detainees and say people are sent away without adequate clothing and medication when their refugee claims are finally accepted. But camp officials and the Government deny mistreatment and point to well-stocked facilities with nutritional menus as well as education and recreation programs. Letter to His Excellency Michael Thawley, Embassy of Australia, Concerning Detention of Asylum Seekers His Excellency Michael Thawley Embassy of Australia 1601 Massachusetts Avenue, NW Washington, D. C. 20036 Dear Ambassador Thawley: I write on behalf of the U. S. Committee for Refugees (USCR), a non-governmental organization concerned with refugee protection worldwide, to urge you to refrain from detaining asylum seekers except in exceptional circumstances and to examine more closely conditions within your refugee detention centers. In the past two years, Australia has seen a significant increase in the number of asylum seekers, particularly from the Middle East. It is appropriate for you to consider ways to best respond to this increase. However, legitimate immigration concerns must be carefully balanced with your obligations under the UN Refugee Convention. We are concerned that recent actions of your government aimed at discouraging undocumented immigration may prevent genuine refugees from seeking and obtaining asylum in Australia. Moreover, conditions at the Woomera Detention Center in South Australia- which led to a riot by detainees on August 29- have drawn condemnation from UN committees and human rights organizations. We join them in urging you to grant UN monitors greater access to evaluate living conditions at this and other centers. The detention policy ignores the physical and psychological trauma that many asylum seekers have experienced before arriving in Australia. Australias mandatory imprisonment policy confines asylum seekers arriving without official documentation to isolated, wire-fenced enclosures for lengthy periods marked by the absence of information about their future. Since the opening of the Woomera detention center in November of last year, tensions have been simmering, although Immigration Minister Ruddock has denied that conditions are inhumane. Given the recent riot and the breakout in June of this year, where 750 illegal immigrants at three detention centers protested the delays in processing their asylum applications, your government should carefully re-evaluate its detention policies as well as the standards within these facilities. We firmly believe that asylum seekers should not be detained except under exceptional circumstances. However, adequate facilities must exist for all persons placed in immigration detention. While Mr. Ruddock has acknowledged the difficulty in gaining approvals for the building of detention centers in urban areas, the recent problems should highlight the need for a more humane reception of asylum seekers. We urge you to adopt alternative models of detention, as proposed by the Refugee Council of Australia. Recently, Mr. Ruddock, Foreign Affairs Minister Downer, and Attorney General Williams issued a joint statement calling for a reform of the UN human rights system by restricting the capacity of certain UN committees that have criticized some of your governments policies. This is the outcome of previous high-profile incidents in 1998 and 2000, such as when the Committee Against Torture was instrumental in preventing the deportation of two asylum seekers who risked physical harm in their home country. The joint statement of your government suggests a fundamental failure to recognize that many asylum seekers who enter without documents are legitimate refugees. Throughout history, many persecuted individuals have had to rely on irregular documents and methods of escape in order to seek refuge in other countries. Australia has a long and proud tradition to providing protection to those fleeing persecution. We urge you to maintain this tradition and honor both the letter and the spirit of the UN Refugee Convention.

Scientific Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Scientific Management - Essay Example When scientific management was still relevant, employees were offered the fiscal rewards only. This is because workers valued economic rewards during that time. However, most organizations increase their productivity by controlling all factors in the work places as well as maintaining the social health and development of the workers in today’s organizations (Lunenburg & Ornstein 2008, p. 5).Furthermore, this management approach is not applicable today because its principles are authoritarian. This is because they assumed that only managers were accountable for decision-making because organizations did not trust the employees’ competence in decision-making in the past. According to Taylor, the increase in the organizations’ productivity relied on the divisions between the workers and experts or managers. Additionally, he also believed that managers should always direct the workers. This method negatively influences the workers’ motivation and satisfaction i n the work places. The modern organizations increase their productivity by involving all the organization’s participants including the employees in the decision making process. This motivates the workers because it makes them feel worthy in the organization. Additionally, it makes them feel respected by the organizations. Such respected workers usually work to their highest potential because they become loyal to the organization. Moreover, the piece rate payment systems used in the scientific management is not effective today because organizations center.... This motivates the workers because it makes them feel worthy in the organization. Additionally, it makes them feel respected by the organizations. Such respected workers usually work to their highest potential because they become loyal to the organization. Moreover, the piece rate payment systems used in the scientific management is not effective today because organizations center on superiority rather than capacity to increase the customers’ satisfaction and the organizations’ competency. The piece rate payment makes it hard for organizations to cheer workers to focus on quality. This is because workers believed that focusing on the quality of work would make them get low rewards because it was time wasting. This is because they valued quantity and not quality (Sandra 2000, p. 3). Additionally, scientific management is not effective today because many organizations can easily access technology and information. The current market is very competitive, making it difficult to apply the scientific management principles. The modern organizations process very high inputs and employees are very connected with organizations. However, employees often worked in isolation with the business in the scientific management system. Workers do not currently depend on the managers for information because all the necessary facts are obtainable on the Internet. This enables businesses to operate on an international scale. This is because businesses can deliver goods to consumers within a short time unlike before. Additionally, manufacturing processes are advanced technologically. This makes it easier and faster for corporations to react to factors that may influence performance. Managers are acknowledging that they can

Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Presentation - Essay Example The event was organized well ahead the usual time but the project committee managed to put every detail into place. All the forty stalls were occupied by stallholders translating to a 100 percent success rate. With the stalls operating at full potential; this year’s event recorded the highest attendance ever. The numbers of customers visiting the stalls were unbelievable. The attendance of course translated to record financial returns. There were obvious benefits that were achieved by the closing of the project apart from the financial gains, the profile of the club was raised amongst circles within the university, the event provided much needed fun for the university students and staff, and finally the club established good links with food business owners in the university. From the evaluation of the project, there are a few lessons that the club officials deduced. There is always need for products to have descriptions, a strong project manager is a basic necessity to a successful project, risk assessment is a very important stage at the start of the project, having risk contingency plans is essential in dealing with prospective risks during the project and finally, the identification of benefits at the beginning of the projects should be considered at the end of the

Synthesis of Janus Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery System

Synthesis of Janus Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery System Over the past few decades, drug delivery systems have been well developed and studied to improve the curative effect of drugs.[1–4] Drug delivery systems can ameliorate the problems of conventional administration by prolonging duration time, enhancing drug solubility, retaining drug bioactivity, reducing side effect, and so on.[5, 6] A variety of carriers such as lipids,7, 8 polymer gels,[9,10] especially nanoparticles,11, 12 have been studied in drug delivery systems. At present, stimuli sensitive drug delivery systems have been an attractive theme for controlled release. The release behaviors of drugs can be easily controlled by surrounding properties, such as temperature,13, 14 pH,15,16 electric field,[17 ionic strength,[18 and so on. Recently, combined therapy with dual-drugs of different therapeutic effects shows excellent performance in treatment of diseases.19, 20 In order to optimize therapeutic effects, the doses and species of drugs should be optimized at different c linical manifestations and periods in the treatment. One of the main challenges of combined therapy is to control the release behavior of each drug independently. However, simple drug delivery systems cannot fulfill the needs of such therapy, because the most widely used carriers are normally possess single symmetrical geometry with single-surface. Even the dual-drugs are loaded on the single-surface carrier at same time, the delivery systems are designed only for the simultaneous release of two different drugs, and the release of each drug cannot be controlled. Furthermore, the multi-conjugates or loadings can interact with each other leading to undesired adverse effects. Therefore, developing independent multi-surface nanostructures for combination or loading of multiple drugs is critically desired. Janus nanoparticles possess multiple surface structures are anisotropic in composition, shape, and surface chemistry.[21] The structural asymmetry is ideally suited for dual-drug conju gations or loadings on different sections of a single Janus particle.[22] Furthermore, functionally distinct surfaces of the Janus particle can be used to selectively conjugate with specific chemical moieties for controlling the dual-drug loading or releasing, respectively.[23-25] During the past decades, considerable efforts have been made on the fabrication of Janus particles.[26-30] For instance, a monolayer of spherical particles such as those of polystyrene (PS) or silica colloidal nanospheres are spread on a solid substrate.[31-33] Thus, the functionalization could take place only on the top surfaces of the anchored particles. Because the low yield of the Janus particles result from the limited surface area of the bulk substrates, a modified method was later developed by using colloidal particles as the supporting substrates.[34-38] Another method for fabricating Janus particles was carried out at interfaces: a particle partially contacted with reactive medium and generated different surface functionalities from the opposite surface.36 With the development of microfluidic technique, Janus particles could also be fabricated by solidifying droplets composed of immiscible components.[39, 40] Other methods such as controlled surface nucleation, phase separat ion, and controllable polymer attachment,[41-54] have been also developed to synthesize the Janus particles. But the Janus particles reported previously were often close to micrometer in size and typically involved various types of polymers, which could induced poor biocompatibility, the fabrication of small Janus nanoparticles with inorganic materials is still a greater challenge.[48-54] On the other hand, the widely used silica is an useful material for building concentric [emailprotected] structures by using metallic or magnetic nanoparticles or quantum dots as cores,[55-57] but there have been few reports about silica based Janus nanoparticles. Due to the amorphous nature of silica, it is difficult to fine-tune the surface tension or lattice mismatch between silica and these core materials to form the Janus nanostructure. Feasibility for the synthesis of Janus nanocomposites As mentioned above, it is difficult to fine-tune the surface tension or lattice mismatch between silica and these core materials to form the Janus nanostructure due to the amorphous nature of silica. But for mesoporous silica materials, it has attracted a great deal of attention because of their versatility in surface tension and pore lattice parameters.[58, 59] In order to realize the formation of silica based Janus nanoparticles, the solution-grown synthesis route for the fabrication of inorganic nanocrystals based Janus (such as Au-Fe3O4,[60] Au-CdSe,[61] CdS-FePt,[62] Ag-Fe3O4,[63] CdSe-Fe3O4,[64] and so on) provides a possible clue to the creation of the silica based Janus nanoparticles by using the mesoporous silica as a structural subunit. The inorganic nanocrystals may have polymorphic atomic structures that are epitaxially attached at the interface from a core, leading to specific inorganic nanostructures with well-defined and characteristic shapes such as dimmers or trimers .[65, 66] For the growth of the ordered mesoporous structures, it is partly analogous to the growth of inorganic nanocrystals. Rather than epitaxy from atomic structures, the mesostructures can also be oriented by surfactants micelle and further induced the epitaxy growth of the mesoporous silica. So, compared with the formation of the inorganic nanocrystals Janus nanostructures, the silica based Janus nanocomposites would also be fabricated under the direction of the epitaxially growing properties of the mesoporous silica. Project proposal Focusing on the issues faced by the synthesis of the silica-based Janus nanocomposites and corresponding applications, this proposed project concerns the development of a novel anisotropic growth induced route for the synthesis of Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites [[emailprotected]2@mSiO2-PMO (NCs = Functional nanocrystals; mSiO2= mesoporous silica; PMO= periodic mesoporous organosilicas)] by using the mesoporous silica as a structural subunit, and the obtained Janus nanocomposites can be used for dual-control drug release (ibuprofen and doxorubicin). As shown in Scheme 1, inorganic functional nanocrystals, including upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and quantum dots (QDs), are firstly synthesized by using solvothermal approaches at a high temperature. Then, the [emailprotected]2 [emailprotected] nanoparticles, including [emailprotected]2, Fe3O4@SiO2, [emailprotected]2, will be synthesized with the reverse micro-emulsion method. Duo to the hydrophobic surface property of the obtained NCs, this hydrophilic SiO2 layer is very necessary for the following syntheses and applications. Furthermore, SiO2 layer can also serve as protective cover for the physical properties of the inorganic functional NCs, such as the fluorescences of UCNPs and QDs. Subsequently, the radial mesoporous SiO2 will be synthesized to form [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 [emailprotected]@shell nanostructures with the Stà ¶ber method in the presence of structure-directing agent (CTAB). The radial mesoporous layer of the obtained [emailpro tected]2@mSiO2 can accommodate the guest drug molecules (doxorubicin), the channel can also be easily modified with light sensitive switch molecules (azobenzene) by using post-modification method to realize the controllable release of doxorubicin. Finally, the Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites of [emailprotected]2@mSiO2-PMO can be fabricated through a surfactant-templating approach by using cationic surfactant CTAB as a structure-directing agent and organic silica precursor as a source. At the very beginning, mesostructured CTAC/PMO composites can be assembled and deposited on the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 nanoparticles surfaces. Then, through an anisotropic growth, the mesostructured shells finally develop into mesoscale single-crystals coated on the spherical [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 cores and form Janus nanocomposites. The mesoporous of PMO section of Janus nanocomposites can also accommodate the guest drug molecules (ibuprofen). By introducing the heat sensitive pha se-change material (1-tetradecanol) as switch molecules, it will realize the dual-control release of the guest species. As shown in Scheme 2, the dual-control (heat and NIR light) drug release (ibuprofen and doxorubicin) can be realized as following. Drug molecule (doxorubicin) loading in the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 domains of the Janus nanocomposites: In this procedure, the inorganic functional nanocrystals are specified as NaGdF4:Yb, Tm UCNPs, which can emit photons in both UV (~ 350 nm) and Visible (~ 470 nm) region under NIR (980 nm) excitation. The mesopores of the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 nanoparticles are modified with azobenzene molecules by using the post-modification method firstly. Both the loading and release of doxorubicin are regulated by the trans–cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene molecules. Specifically, the trans isomer of the azobenzene molecules will transform into the cis isomer under UV light irradiation, and in contrast the cis isomer will form the trans isomer under irradiation of visible light. The installing â€Å"photomechanical† azobenzene groups in the m esopores of silica are act as â€Å"stirrer† in the mesoporous silica, which can be used to control the loading and release of the drug. So, not only the release but also the loading of doxorubicin should be processed under the UV and visible light at the same time, and the drug will be locked in the mesopores of the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 domains in the Janus structures after the UV and visible light are removed. The doxorubicin molecules absorb on the surface and mesopores of PMO domains in the Janus can be washed off with water. Drug molecule (ibuprofen) loading in the PMO section of the Janus nanocomposites and heat control release: After ibuprofen molecules are absorbed into the mesopores of PMO, the mesopores can be blocked with a phase-change material (1-tetradecanol), which has a melting point of 38 – 39 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C. Below 1-tetradecanol’s melting point, it will be in a solid state to completely block the passing of encapsulated ibuprofen. When the temperature is raised beyond its melting point, it will quickly melt to release the encapsulated ibuprofen (heat control release). NIR light control release of doxorubicin in the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 section of the Janus nanocomposites: Upon absorption of NIR light (980 nm), the UCNPs can emit photons in the UV/Vis region, which are absorbed immediately by the photo responsive azobenzene molecules. The reversible photoisomerization by simultaneous UV and visible light emitted by the UCNPs creates a continuous rotation–inversion movement, and the doxorubicin molecules can be released from the mesopores of [emailprotected]2@mSiO2. Novelty of the project proposal: The anisotropic growth induced route for the synthesis of silica based multi-functional Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites is proposed for the first time. Varieties of inorganic nanocrystals, including upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4), quantum dots (QDs), can be introduced to further functionalize the Janus nanocomposites. Dual-control drug relase system based on mesoporous silica is proposed for the first time. The mesopore channels of [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 domains and PMO domains in multi-functional Janus nanocomposites can accommodate two kinds of drug molecules independently at the same time. Two kinds of switch molecules are design to realize dual-control release of the drug molecules independently for the first time. Task 1: Synthesis of the inorganic functional nanocrystals (NCs), including upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4), quantum dots (QDs), and so on. The synthesis of the inorganic nanocrystals will be carried out at organic solvent with high boiling point solvents such as 1-octadecylen via a solvothermal approach at a high temperature (~ 300 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C for UCNPs, ~ 270 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C for Fe3O4 NCs, ~ 240 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C for QDs) in presence of the surfactants (oleic acid, oleylamine, etc.). Some simple inorganic salts such as rare earth chloride, iron acetylacetonate, iron oleate, cadmium oleate, zinc oleate, etc. will be used as the inorganic precursors. The necessary characterization (i.e. TEM, XRD, PL, UV-Vis, VSM) will be used in the experiments. Task 2: Fabrication of the [emailprotected]2 [emailprotected] nanoparticles, including [emailprotected]2, Fe3O4@SiO2, [emailprotected]2 and so on. Duo to the hydrophobic surface property of the obtained NCs, the [emailprotected]2 [emailprotected] nanoparticles will be synthesized with the reverse micro-emulsion method. The hydrophilic SiO2 layers in this objective are very necessary for the following syntheses and applications. Furthermore, SiO2 layers can also serve as a protective cover for the physical properties of the inorganic functional NCs, such as the fluorescences of UCNPs and QDs. Typically, the obtained inorganic NCs are dispersed in cyclohexane. Then polyoxyethylene (5) nonylphenyl ether (CO-520) and NH3.H2O are introduced to form reverse micro-emulsion. Finally, TEOS is introduced and hydrolysized at room temperature to form the [emailprotected]2 [emailprotected] nanoparticles. The necessary characterization (i.e. SEM and TEM) will be used in the experiments. Task 3: Fabrication of the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 [emailprotected]@shell nanoparticles. In this step, the radial mesoporous SiO2 will be synthesized with the Stà ¶ber method in the presence of cationic surfactant such as CTAB. TEOS is used as a silica sources and hydrolysis in ethanol/water solution under alkaline condition (NH3.H2O) at room temperature. The necessary characterization (i.e. BET, SEM, and TEM) will be used in the experiments. Task 4: Fabrication of the Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites ([emailprotected]2@mSiO2-PMO). The orientation growth of the cubic mesostructure of mesoporous organosilica (PMO) materials is the key factor for the formation of the silica-based Janus nanocomposites. In this step, organic silica precursors, such as bis(trieth-oxysilyl)benzene (BTEB), 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTEE), bis(triethoxysilyl) ethylene (BTEEE), are used as the silica sources and hydrolysis in ethanol/water solution under alkaline condition (NH3.H2O) at room temperature in the presence of CTAB templates. By adjusting experimental parameters, the organic silica precursors can cooperative self-assembly with surfactant CTAB to form the ordered cubic mesostructured PMO crystals. Because the different mesostructures between [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 (radial) and PMOs (cubic), the PMOs will epitaxy growth to form the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2-PMO Janus structure instead of the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2@PM O [emailprotected]@[emailprotected] structure. The necessary characterization (i.e. BET, XRD, SEM, FL, VSM and TEM) will be used in the experiment. Task 5: The design and evaluation of the dual-control drug release by using the obtained Janus core-shell mesoporous silica nanocomposites. The dual-control drug release can be realized as following. Drug molecule (doxorubicin) loading in the [emailprotected]2@ mSiO2 section of the Janus nanocomposites: In this procedure, the inorganic functional nanocrystals are specified as NaGdF4:Yb, Tm, UCNPs, which can emit photons in both UV (~ 350 nm) and Visible (~ 470 nm) region under NIR (980 nm) excitation. The mesopores of the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 nanoparticles are post-modified with azobenzene molecules by using N-(3-triethoxysilyl)propyl-4-phenylazobenzamide in ethanol at 80 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C firstly. Both the loading and release of doxorubicin are regulated by the trans–cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene molecules. So, not only the release but also the loading of doxorubicin should be processed under the UV and visible light at the same time, and the drug will be locked in the mesopores of [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 domains in the Janus after the UV and visible light are removed. The doxorubicin molecules absorb on the surface and mesopores of PMO domains in the Janus can be washed off with water. Drug molecule (ibuprofen) loading in the PMO domains in the Janus nanocomposites and heat control release: After the ibuprofen molecules are absorbed into the mesopores of PMO, the mesopores can be blocked with a phase-change material (1-tetradecanol), which has a melting point of 38 – 39 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °C. Below 1-tetradecanol’s melting point, it will be in a solid state to completely block the passing of encapsulated ibuprofen. When the temperature is raised beyond its melting point, it will quickly melt to release the encapsulated ibuprofen (heat control release). NIR light control release of doxorubicin in the [emailprotected]2@mSiO2 domains in the Janus nanocomposites: Upon absorption of NIR light (980 nm), the UCNPs emit photons in the UV/ Vis region, which can be absorbed immediately by the photo responsive azobenzene molecules. The reversible photoisomerization by simultaneous UV and visible light emitted by the UCNPs creates a continuous rotation–inversion movement, and the doxorubicin molecules can be released from the mesopores of [emailprotected]2@mSiO2. The necessary characterization (i.e. UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, and TEM) will be used in the experiments.