Biography of René Magritte, Belgian Surrealist

Renà ©Ã‚  Magritte  (1898-1967)  was a famous 20th-century Belgian artist known for his unique  surrealist works. Surrealists  explored the human condition through unrealistic imagery that often came from dreams and the subconscious. Magrittes imagery came from the real world but he used it in unexpected ways. His goal as an artist was  to challenge the viewers assumptions by using odd and surprising juxtapositions of familiar objects such as bowler hats, pipes, and floating rocks. He changed the scale of some objects, he deliberately excluded others, and he played with words and meaning. One of his most famous paintings, The Treachery of Images (1929), is a painting of a pipe below which is written Ceci nest pas une pipe.  (English translation: This is not a pipe.)   Magritte died August 15, 1967 in  Schaerbeek, Brussels, Belgium, of pancreatic cancer. He was buried in  Schaarbeek Cemetery. Early Life and Training Renà © Franà §ois Ghislain Magritte (pronounced mag ·reet) was born November 21, 1898, in Lessines, Hainaut, Belgium. He was the eldest of three sons born to Là ©opold (1870-1928) and Rà ©gina (nà ©e Bertinchamps; 1871-1912) Magritte. Aside from a few facts, almost nothing is known of Magrittes childhood. We know that the familys financial status was comfortable because of Là ©opold, ostensibly a tailor, made handsome profits from his investments in edible oils and bouillon cubes. We also know that young Renà © sketched and painted early on, and began taking formal lessons in drawing in 1910 — the same year that he produced his first  oil painting. Anecdotally, he was said to be a lackluster student in school. The artist himself had little to say about his childhood beyond a few vivid memories that shaped his way of seeing. Perhaps this relative silence about his early life was born when his mother committed suicide in 1912. Rà ©gina had been suffering from depression for an undocumented number of years and was so badly affected that she was usually kept in a locked room. On the night she escaped, she immediately went to the nearest bridge and threw herself into the River Sambre that flowed behind the Magrittes property. Rà ©gina was missing for days before her body was discovered a mile or so downriver. Legend has it that Rà ©ginas nightgown had wrapped itself around her head by the time her corpse was recovered, and an acquaintance of Renà ©s later started the story that he was present when his mother was pulled from the river. He was certainly not there. The only public comment he ever made on the subject was that hed felt guiltily happy to be the focal point of sensation and sympathy, both at school and in his neighborhood. However, veils, curtains, faceless people, and headless faces and torsos  did  become recurring themes in his paintings. In 1916, Magritte enrolled in the  Academie des Beaux-Arts  in Brussels seeking inspiration and a safe distance from the WWI German invasion. He found none of the former but one of his classmates at the Academie introduced him to  cubism, futurism, and purism, three movements he found exciting and which significantly changed the style of his work. Career Magritte  emerged from the  Academie  qualified to do commercial art. After a compulsory year of service in the military in 1921, Magritte returned home and found work as a draughtsman in a wallpaper factory, and worked freelance in advertising to pay the bills while he continued to paint. During this time he saw a painting  by the Italian surrealist  Giorgio de Chirico, called  The Song of Love, which greatly influenced his own art. Magritte created his first surreal painting, Le Jockey Perdu  (The Lost Jockey) in 1926, and had his first solo show in 1927 in Brussels at the Galerie de Centaure. The show was reviewed critically, however, and Magritte, depressed, moved to Paris, where he  befriended Andre Breton and joined the surrealists there — Salvador Dalà ­, Joan Miro, and Max Ernst.  He produced a number of important works during this time, such as The Lovers,  The False Mirror, and the Treachery of Images. After three years, he returned to Brussels and to his work in advertising, forming a company with his brother, Paul. This gave him money to live on while continuing to paint. His painting went through different styles during the last years of World War II as a reaction to the pessimism of his earlier work. He adopted a style similar to the Fauves for a short time during 1947-1948, and also supported himself doing copies of paintings by Pablo Picasso,  Georges Braque, and de Chirico. Magritte dabbled in communism, and whether the forgeries were for purely financial reasons or intended to disrupt Western bourgeois capitalist habits of thought is debatable.   Magritte and  Surrealism Magritte had a witty sense of humor that is evident in his work and in his subject matter. He delighted in representing the paradoxical nature of reality in his paintings and in making the viewer question what reality really is. Rather than depicting fantastic creatures in fictional landscapes, he painted ordinary objects and people in realistic settings. Notable characteristics of his work include the following: His arrangements were often impossible under the laws of physics.The scale of these mundane elements was frequently (and deliberately) wrong.When words were painted — as they were periodically — they were usually a witticism of some sort, as in the aforementioned painting, The Treachery of Images on which he painted, Ceci nest pas une pipe. (This is not a pipe.) Although the viewer can clearly see that the painting is, indeed, of a pipe, Magrittes point is just that — that it is only a  picture  of a pipe. You cant pack it with tobacco, light it, and smoke it. The joke is on the viewer, and Magritte points out the misunderstandings that are inherent in language.Ordinary objects were painted in unusual  ways and in unorthodox juxtapositions in order to evoke mystery. He is known for painting men in bowler hats, perhaps autobiographical, but perhaps merely a prop for his visual games. Famous Quotes Magritte spoke about the meaning, ambiguity, and mystery of his work  in these quotes and others, providing viewers with clues  as to how to interpret his art: My painting is visible images which conceal nothing; they evoke mystery and, indeed, when one sees one of my pictures, one asks oneself this simple question, What does that mean? It does not mean anything because mystery means nothing, it is unknowable.Everything we see hides another thing, we always want to see what is hidden by what we see.Art evokes the mystery without which the world would not exist. Important Works: The Menaced Assassin, 1927The Treachery of Images, 1928-29The Key of Dreams, 1930The Human Condition, 1934Not to be Reproduced, 1937Time Transfixed, 1938The Listening Room, 1952Golconda, 1953 More of Renà © Magrittes work can be seen in the Special Exhibition Gallery Renà © Magritte: The Pleasure Principle. Legacy Magrittes art had a significant impact on the Pop and Conceptual art movements that followed and on the way, we have come to view, understand, and accept surrealist art today. In particular, his repeated use of commonplace objects, the commercial style of his work, and the importance of the concept of technique inspired Andy Warhol and others.  His work has infiltrated our culture to such an extent that it has almost become invisible, with  artists and others continuing to borrow Magrittes iconic images for labels and advertising, something that would no doubt greatly please Magritte. Resources and Further Reading Calvocoressi, Richard. Magritte.London: Phaidon, 1984. Gablik, Suzi. Magritte.New York: Thames Hudson, 2000. Paquet, Marcel. Rene Magritte, 1898-1967: Thought Rendered Visible.New York: Taschen America LLC, 2000.

Public Policy Is An Important Part Of Any Political...

Public Policy is an important part of any political science studies. While when studying government, some issues may be boring or inapplicable the public policy process isn’t. The process brings about interest and controversy in most issues up for debate and this past semester has been no different. While many people might find the implementation of policy daunting I have gotten the opportunity to put the theories strategies of public policy to the test whether that be through TV shows (West Wing, Scandal, and Veep), various classroom simulations, or my internship at a Senators Office. These situations have allowed me to improve my understanding of the policy process and learn more about the current challenges policymakers in the†¦show more content†¦The West Wing did an exceptional job of showing what roles are important when running a White House. Especially with the new Trump White House office it was easier to know the people he was surrounding himself with a nd what they are responsible for. This semester I got the opportunity to intern at Senator Heitkamp’s office in Grand Forks. When I first started in this position there were many names and titles thrown out at me, I wasn’t completely sure want a chief of staff was or what they do same with a Communications Director, I knew they oversaw social media but that is the extent of it. After reading the book and seeing the roles applied I’m able to understand what goes into making sure a Senator is completely prepared. Personally, the simulation has benefitted my further knowledge on what goes into making decisions and what ultimately makes it into the State of the Union. After being a part of the International/ Humanitarian Aid Council, I have learned to consider how the world operates and how the U.S. decides what states are in dire need of aid. On our council, we dealt with truly tragic situations it was interesting to learn the process of writing a memo in a s emi-official outline and to get a hands-on experience to see what kind of policies the International/ Humanitarian Aid makes decisions on. The people on my council truly made the simulation much easier to do as we all collaborated andShow MoreRelatedThe Key Characteristics Of Lasswell s Policy Orientation1591 Words   |  7 PagesA Literature Review on the Key Characteristics of Lasswell’s Policy Orientation Lasswell’s formation of public policy is founded upon fundamental characteristics that establish the view that policymaking rests on scientific analysis and a practical application, concluding on the necessity of a policy science to understand the full complexities of policy formation. 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To do this he says there are two spheres: â€Å"Politics† and â€Å"Administration† Politics = choices of government are made by the elected and Administration = carries out the choices by the (popular consent) free of political meddlinggt; â€Å"politics-administrationRead MoreSimon Hix s The European Union1519 Words   |  7 Pagesfunctions and the problems that are associated with it. Some interests of his that he researches are, ‘European Union Politics and Policy, The EU legislative process and the European Parliament, Parties and elections and Rational choice theory’ (LSE, 2014). His primary aim when writing this book was to give readers an understanding of how the European Union, as a political system works and how the institutions within it function and why they function in the way that they do and this is the general field

Course Project, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Free Essays

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1 Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Principles (10 items) Description of Business The Open-Road Motorcycle Company is the largest online retailer of salvage title motorcycles. We are focused on bringing the customer the best value on entry level motorcycles by providing lower prices than our competitors. Our motorcycles are sold all over the United States, and we currently have 30 stores all across the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Course Project, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements or any similar topic only for you Order Now Property, Plant and Equipment All property, plant and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their useful lives. All depreciation expense incurred is derived using the straight line method. We do not depreciate our land. We estimate our useful life for our assets accordingly; buildings have a 40 year life, computer equipment has a 5 year life and the repair equipment a 15 year life. The estimated lives of our assets are reviewed periodically to determine if any impairment is present so the useful lives and depreciation can be adjusted for accuracy. Short-term Investments All of our investments are comprised of trading securities comprised of debt instruments in different industries. The securities are reported at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses stated on net income. Securities that are still held at the end of the fiscal year are evaluated and are adjusted if necessary. Inventory Valuation All of our merchandise on our website is recorded at cost or fair value, whichever is lower. The salvage motorcycle inventory is recorded at cost. We value our inventory using the average method. If the motorcycle is considered â€Å"unsellable†, it becomes disassembled and sold for parts. All parts received from motorcycles that have been disassembled are not recorded because the cost has already been recorded from the original purchase. The motorcycle would be written off as a loss on net income and all sales from the parts are considered gains and are stated on net income. Refer to Note 2. Costs of Goods Sold Our Costs of goods sold is the cost of the motorcycles purchased, direct labor and depreciation expense. It includes all shipping and handling costs, air freight, train, and truck costs in received the merchandise and or motorcycles. Revenue Recognition All revenue generated from sales of inventory are realized when it has been earned. Generally when the item purchased arrives and the ownership transfers. All shipping and handling costs are included in the sales price. Revenues earned from sales are stated net of tax. Sales from disassembled motorcycles are listed as gains or losses on net income. Advertising Costs All costs associated with the marketing our website, which include television and internet ads, are expensed when incurred. Typically our advertising costs stay the same every year at $4 million, since our beginning in 2006. Accounts Receivables We record accounts receivables at net realizable value. This value is the remainder of the amount due on sales on credit less estimated uncollectable amounts. We calculate our estimated amount based on past write-offs. Our company credit policy extends a 30 day period in which the full payment is due upon completion of sale. The item must have a prepayment of at-least 50% of the motorcycle sales price before it is shipped. We believe that because of this policy the amount of uncollectable revenue is reduces and sales have increased. Contingencies Our company is currently involved in a lawsuit pending a settlement agreement. A former employee was injured in an accident involving improper handling of the shipment. The settlement is considered probable and the estimated cost is $2 million. This amount is stated in current liabilities. Refer to Note 4. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Our company contributes to pension and other postretirement health care plans for all of our employees. We contribute 3% of gross wages into a retirement fund specified by each employee. Refer to note 11. Note 2 Inventories Our inventory is comprised of salvaged motorcycles and fully repaired motorcycles. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. We base our cost on the average cost method. Repaired motorcycles have title and labor costs included in the basis of valuation. Inventories consisted of the following (in millions): December 31, 2011 2010 Salvage motorcycle inventory $ 300 $310 Repaired motorcycle inventory $250 $200 Total inventories $550 $510 Note 3 Property, Plant and Equipment The following table illustrates our property, plant and equipment (in millions): December 31, 2011 2010 Land $ 600 $ 550 Buildings and garages 900 700 Machinery, repair and computers 00 350 1,900 1,600 Less: accumulated depreciation 350 300 Property, plant and equipment – net $ 1,550 $ 1,300 Note 4 Contingencies and Liabilities Our company is currently involved in a lawsuit that is pending a settlement. The approximate amount of the settlement is $2 million. We have determined that the contingency is probable and the amount of the settlement is accurate. This amount is stated on the consolidated balance sheet for the current period. Note 5 Changes in Accounting Principles or Estimates We are currently using the average cost method for inventory valuation in place of LIFO. We have determined this method is more accurate for valuation because prices tend to fluctuate and may skew net income unfavorably. Note 6 Post Balance Sheet Events Our company continually evaluates its motorcycle inventory to determine cost and its ability to sell. If a significant amount of inventory is deemed obsolete or â€Å"unsellable,† it is adjusted in the next period. The amount is deducted from inventory and written off as a loss. The motorcycles then become disassembled and all revenue generate from the parts are considered a gain. Note 7 Mergers and Acquisitions We recently acquired Pristine Paint Jobs Company during the year for $50 million. We acquired all buildings, land, equipment and certain patents on paint jobs. We have decided to expand our operations by completely restoring salvage motorcycles for a lower price. The following table illustrates the assets and liabilities received from the purchase (in millions): Cash $ 3 Inventory 10 Equipment 35 Property, plant and Equipment 45 Total assets acquired 93 Accounts payable 40 Long-term debt 40 Total liabilities acquired 80 Total net assets acquired $13 Note 8 Lease Obligations We currently lease a special modification machine that restores the engine and parts to 95%. The lease agreement is based on a 5 year term for $500,000 a year. The following table illustrates our payments for the term of the lease. Years ending December 31, Lease Payments 2011 $500,000 2012 $500,000 2013 $500,000 2014 $500,000 2015 $500,000 Total cost of the lease $2,500,000 Note 9 EPS Our company has 200,000 shares authorized with 100,000 outstanding. We have no preferred stock or treasury stock. The following table will illustrate the current and previous earnings per share. 2011 2010 Net Income (in millions) $ 5 $ 4 Number of shares outstanding 100,000 100,000 EPS $50 $40 Note 10 Long-Term Debt With the acquisition of Pristine Paint Jobs, we acquired $40 million in long-term debt. Our long term debt prior to the acquisition was $25 million. Our long term debt consists of a $25 million note payable at a fixed interest rate of 1. 5 percent due December 31, 2040. The following illustrates the long term debts acquired from the purchase of Pristine Paint Jobs. * $20 million total principal amount of notes due November 20, 2035, at a fixed rate of 1 percent; and * $20 million total principal amount of notes due November 20, 2035, at a fixed rate of 1. 5 percent. Note 11 Employee Pension Obligations We continue to contribute to employee retirement plans for all of our employees. These pension plans are funded and are based on salaries and years of service. The total contribution for the year is $10 million. In 2010 our total contribution was $9 million. We contribute 3% of employee wages into the plan. The increase in contribution is due to the increase of our workforce. How to cite Course Project, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Essay examples

Perioperative Fibrillation And Term Risk -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation And Term Risk? Answer: Introduction Operation or surgery is the ultimate treatment provided by physicians to treat a patient and improve his or her health. However, numerous of physical, biological and chemical hazards that are lurking in the operation theatre make their profession risky (Bainbridge et al. 2012). The role of perioperative nurses are more risky as they help in the assessment, planning and implementation of the nursing care, the patient receives before, in between and after the surgery. Therefore, the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Board and the Australian College of Operating Room Nurses (ACORN) helps the perioperative nurses by guiding them and governing them in practice so that they are able to provide the patient with best care in such perioperative environment (Gialdini et al. 2014). The biological hazards such as blood, body fluids and tissue specimen of the infected patient can also lead to infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B and several other blood-borne diseases. Therefore ACORN stand ards makes sure that the perioperative nurses are provided with equal amount of care while serving for the patient in hazardous (biological) operation theatres (Bainbridge et al. 2012). This assignment will be discussing about the standards set by ACORN for the surgical concerns and the implication of these standards in attaining safety for perioperative nurses in surgical environment will be critically discussed. Further for the evaluation, the ACORN standards, the local and national health policy and literature review conducted with research articles of last five years. Furthermore, these implications will be discussed in the context of my practice settings and the changes should be made so that the practice is able to achieve success for both patient and perioperative nurses. According to Ghosh (2013), in the report of World Health Report Working Together for Health on Human Resources determines that the crisis level of health care workers in more than 57 countries is because of the unsafe work environment and protect for the staff. The researchers also agree to the fact that perioperative nurses are at higher risk in the operation theatre than any other healthcare personnel as the chances of their exposure to biological hazards is always higher (Marsh 2012). Still there are several lacks in the guidelines related to it in maximum countries. As the assignment is focused to biological hazards, the risk of it can cause several blood borne infections, hepatitis B and C and the severity of it can lead to HIV infection as well. These hazards can be of different types and according to Ghosh (2013), there are more than 5000 manual handling injuries are reported every year. However, the devastating risk of biological hazards affects the perioperative nurses most. Usage of sharp and pointed objects, working with infected patients and staying in contact with the infected person within the operative room having no such equipment to filter the air within, can cause severe infection to the perioperative nurses. Further, due to exposure to percutaneous injuries, blood-borne pathogens, blood splashes, contact or exposure to microorganisms and exposure to protein allergens present in the surgical gloves can also causes biological injuries to the perioperative nurse (Mellor and Hutchinson 2013). According to Ghosh (2013), more than 6 million perioperative healthcare professionals are at the risk of different blood-borne diseases such as HIV, hepatitis, and other potentially infected bacteria due to the exposure to blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, peritoneal and cerebrospinal fluid and so on. The ACORN standards determined few rules and regulations so that perioperative nurses working in such risky environment can be secured from being exposed to such biological hazards. Therefore, the ACORN 2016-2017 standard was modified from its previous versions and published to include a suggestion to manage the biological hazard within the operative environment (ACORN 2017). This standard has five statement depending on which the entire standard is destined to help the perioperative nurses. These are standard for staff and patient safety, professional practice, asepsis and clinical care, equipment and environment related and management and staffing (ACORN 2017). The primary aim of this ACORN standards to make the healthcare personal immune to the biological hazard they face in the operation theatre and take preventive measures so that the chain of infection can be ceased. As a solution to different to these problems, this standards recommend the usage of personal safety equipment fo r the perioperative nurses. Hence all the healthcare systems in Australia , needs to follow these guidelines along with the national work and health safety guidelines issues by the Ministry of Health in 2015 need to be followed by each health district (MTAA 2017). The transmission of blood-borne infection and other severe infections within the perioperative system is primarily caused by mucosal or percutaneous exposure of the perioperative nurses to the body fluid or infected blood of the patients (Holmberg, Suryaprasad and Ward 2012). Further the physical injuries to used injection needles, sharp objects and cutaneous scratches and direct inoculation of those virus or bacteria through those injuries can also lead to chain of viral infections within the operation theatre (Thursz and Fontanet 2014). Further, the virus can also infect the perioperative nurses through colonizing the open eye mucosal surface, nose and sometimes from mouth (due to accidental or sudden splashes). Here it should be mentioned that without any direct contact to the mucosal or percutaneous tissues, these blood-borne diseases, HBV, HCV and HIV are not able to cause infection through exposure to skin further airborne transmissions are also not registered earlier ((Thursz and Fontanet 2014)). All the literature focused on this similar aspect mentioned by the ACORN standards and determined that prevention is the best policy to minimize the exposure of perioperative nurses to such biological hazards. The personal protection equipment is easily available in several healthcare facilities globally and those facilities utilize this device as the primary source to eliminate the biological hazards. Further research conducted for identification of the path, through which blood-borne infection is caused determine that within the medical surgery process the percentage of equipment caused injuries are more than 15%, which is the biggest cause for such infection (Mitchell et al. 2012). Further, Phillips, Conaway and Jagger (2012) conducted a research to understand the rate of percutaneous injuries within a surgery and determined that in all kind of surgeries such as general, orthopedic, cardiac, traumatic and gynecologic surgeries more than 50% of perioperative nurses developed injuri es. Therefore usage of personal protective equipment is advised by several researchers as according to Verbeek et al. (2016), using it can prevent the occurrence of infection by more than 30%. The use of personal protective equipment such as surgical gloves, eye glass and surgical suite can prevent the percutaneous and mucosal exposure to the infection and prevent the disease to be spread among the perioperative nurses. However, according to Edmond, Diekema and Perencevich (2014), the researchers found that despite of using PPEs, 2 perioperative nurses developed EBOLA virus infection from the surgical environment. Therefore, the need of reengineering of surgical suits and personal protective equipment has become mandatory. The ACORN healthcare standards was implemented in my healthcare system long ago and all the operative systems are equipped with personal protective equipment and preventive measures. However, as the researcher Lindsey, Hutchinson and Mellor (2015) said, the lack of proper education and professional training regarding the system has delayed the agenda of healthcare facility to protect its perioperative nurses. The healthcare facility did not provided operating staffs with the training of usage of personal protective equipment and hence all the preoperative personnel are unaware of the usage of it. However, after the implementation of the ACORN policy, the healthcare system implemented a risk assessment and management system in the facility that determines the rate of risk in the operational theatre by conducting internal audits every 15th day so that proper knowledge of the occurrence of the biological hazards can be assessed and further solutions regarding those can be implemented (U ?urlu et al. 2015). Further, as the ACORN policies are not mandatory in the state or territorial healthcare facilities, application of the standards in my healthcare facility is commendable as application of the standard is the first step to protect and prevent the perioperative hazards. However there are few recommendations, application of which can be helpful in attaining complete protection from perioperative hazards. The healthcare facility should provide proper training related to the usage of personal protective equipment to the perioperative personnel so that in case of biological hazard, they are able to remove it, by their own (Ball 2012). Further, as mentioned by Hill et al. (2012), creating smoke free operation theatre can reduce the risk of hazard by maximum amount. Further, the educational session should be provided to each multidisciplinary teams that are involved in the process of surgery. Further, providing training will help to eliminate the fear among the healthcar e professionals regarding the preventing measures and they will be able to use it in near future in any hazardous condition. While concluding, it should be mentioned that all the literature presented in this assignment determined that healthcare professionals are at constant risk while providing care to patients and these hazards are able to affect the healthcare professionals drastically. Biological hazard is the most prevalent hazard. The ACORN standard provides few guidelines and recommended to use the personal safety equipment and follow the immunization and prevention treatments within the healthcare facility so that the elimination of risk can become easier and efficient. Further the assignment explained the application of ACORN in my healthcare organization and determined the loopholes present in the system. Providing training and educational sessions regarding prevention and management of mucosal and percutaneous infections within the healthcare facility to healthcare professionals including multidisciplinary teams and perioperative nurses so that complete compliance with the ACORN system can be im plemented. References ACORN 2017.Standards for Perioperative Nursing in Australia. [online] Acorn.org.au. Available at: https://www.acorn.org.au/files/9514/9869/9489/ACORN_standards_Ed_14_-_October_2016_-_TOC.pdf [Accessed 7 Mar. 2018]. Bainbridge, D., Martin, J., Arango, M., Cheng, D. and Evidence-based Peri-operative Clinical Outcomes Research (EPiCOR) Group, 2012. Perioperative and anaesthetic-related mortality in developed and developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet,380(9847), pp.1075-1081. Ball, K., 2012. Compliance with surgical smoke evacuation guidelines: implications for practice.ORNAC J,30(1), pp.14-6. Edmond, M.B., Diekema, D.J. and Perencevich, E.N., 2014. Ebola virus disease and the need for new personal protective equipment.Jama,312(23), pp.2495-2496.Ghosh, T., 2013. Occupational health and hazards among health care workers.International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health,3(1), pp.1-4. Gialdini, G., Nearing, K., Bhave, P.D., Bonuccelli, U., Iadecola, C., Healey, J.S. and Kamel, H., 2014. Perioperative atrial fibrillation and the long-term risk of ischemic stroke.Jama,312(6), pp.616-622. Hill, D.S., ONeill, J.K., Powell, R.J. and Oliver, D.W., 2012. Surgical smokea health hazard in the operating theatre: a study to quantify exposure and a survey of the use of smoke extractor systems in UK plastic surgery units.Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive Aesthetic Surgery,65(7), pp.911-916. Holmberg, S.D., Suryaprasad, A. and Ward, J.W., 2012. Updated CDC recommendations for the management of hepatitis B virusinfected health-care providers and students.Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Recommendations and Reports,61(3), pp.1-12. Lindsey, C., Hutchinson, M. and Mellor, G., 2015. The nature and hazards of diathermy plumes: a review.AORN journal,101(4), pp.428-442. Marsh, S., 2012. The smoke factor: things you should know.Journal of perioperative practice,22(3), pp.91-94. Mellor, G. and Hutchinson, M., 2013. Is it time for a more systematic approach to the hazards of surgical smoke? Reconsidering the evidence.Workplace health safety,61(6), pp.265-270. Mitchell, R., Ogunremi, T., Astrakianakis, G., Bryce, E., Gervais, R., Gravel, D., Johnston, L., Leduc, S., Roth, V., Taylor, G. and Vearncombe, M., 2012. Impact of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic on Canadian health care workers: a survey on vaccination, illness, absenteeism, and personal protective equipment.American Journal of Infection Control,40(7), pp.611-616. 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